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<title>Mir Docking Module</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Mir</i> Docking Module</span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Mir</i> Docking Module</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">The docking module seen in the payload bay of the <span class="nowrap"><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a> on <a href="STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a>, prior to docking with <i><a href="Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Module statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Rocket_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch">Launch date</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 November 1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicle</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a> (<a href="STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">Docked</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">Reentry</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 2001</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,134 kg (13,523 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">4.7 m (15 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">2.2 m (7 ft 3 in)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">References: <sup id="cite_ref-BIS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Astronautica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronautica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RSW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Configuration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><br><div>The docking module shown isolated in its basic configuration. Various additional external fixtures are not shown.</div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b><i>Mir</i> Docking Module</b>, formally known as the <b>Stykovochnyy Otsek</b> (<b>SO</b>; <a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">стыковочный отсек</span>, <small><a href="Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Docking compartment'; designation: <b>316GK</b>), was the sixth module of the Russian space station <i><a href="Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i>, launched in November 1995 aboard the <span class="nowrap"><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The module, built by <a href="Energia_(corporation)" title="Energia (corporation)">Energia</a>, was designed to help simplify space shuttle dockings to <i>Mir</i> during the <a href="Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle-<i>Mir</i> program</a>, preventing the need for the periodic relocation of the <i><a href="Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a></i> module necessary for dockings prior to the compartment's arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-RSW_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The module was also used to transport two new <a href="Photovoltaic_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic array">photovoltaic arrays</a> to the station, as a mounting point for external experiments, and as a storage module when not in use for dockings.<sup id="cite_ref-BIS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div>

<p>The docking module originated in the 1992 design version of the cancelled <a href="Mir-2" title="Mir-2"><i>Mir</i>-2</a> space station, which featured a combined docking compartment and airlock to facilitate docking missions during the Soviet <a href="Buran_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Buran program"><i>Buran</i></a> space shuttle programme (this module, SO-1, was eventually incorporated into the <a href="Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a> of the <a href="International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> as <a href="Pirs_(ISS_module)" title="Pirs (ISS module)"><i>Pirs</i></a>). When the <a href="Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle-<i>Mir</i> programme</a> began, engineers realised that in order to enable US space shuttles to dock to <i>Mir</i>, the <i><a href="Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a></i> module would have to be relocated to the forward port of the <a href="Mir_Core_Module" title="Mir Core Module">core module</a> and back to its own lateral port each time a shuttle docked, a process which was not only time consuming but would also be entirely reliant on <i>Kristall'</i>s <a href="Lyappa_arm" title="Lyappa arm">Lyappa arm</a>, which, should it fail, would prevent any further shuttle missions to the station. Adding a small extension to <i>Kristall</i>, however, would provide the shuttles the clearance they needed to dock without necessitating the relocation of the module on each occasion, and it was decided to base the design of the new module loosely on that of the <i>Mir</i>-2 docking compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-BIS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Discussions on providing a docking module for the Shuttle-<i>Mir</i> programme began in May 1993 and approval was granted on 1 November, with the draft plan being developed by December. The module consisted of what were essentially two <a href="Soyuz_TM-16" title="Soyuz TM-16">Soyuz TM-16</a> type <a href="Soyuz_(spacecraft)#Orbital_module" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz orbital modules</a> cut in half, with a cylindrical central portion mounted in the center of the two halves which incorporated docking apparatus (the other two halves were not used). An <a href="Androgynous_Peripheral_Attach_System#APAS-89" title="Androgynous Peripheral Attach System">APAS-89</a> docking port was mounted on each end. Mounting points were also provided for two boxes (containing new solar arrays) and other external experiments, and the module was provided with its own thermal control, television transmission, and telemetry systems. Rather than being covered in a newly-manufactured white thermal blanket, the module was flown with an unusual orange blanket, which was selected from pre-existing stock for financial reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of the simplified module was given priority over the more complex <i>Mir</i>-2 type SO-1, and the flight model, the first to make use of NASA's new <a href="Space_Station_Processing_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Station Processing Facility">Space Station Processing Facility</a>, was delivered to <a href="Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> on 7 June 1995 alongside the new solar arrays which were to be launched with it.<sup id="cite_ref-BIS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The module was launched aboard the <span class="nowrap"><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a> on 12 November 1995 on mission <a href="STS-74" title="STS-74">STS-74</a> and both the module and <i>Atlantis</i> docked to <i>Mir</i> on 15 November, leaving <a href="STS-71" title="STS-71">STS-71</a> as the only Shuttle-<i>Mir</i> docking mission requiring <i>Kristall</i> to be relocated.<sup id="cite_ref-STS-74_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS-74-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The module resembles the pressure hull for the cancelled <a href="Science_Power_Platform" title="Science Power Platform">Science Power Platform</a> intended for <i>Mir-2</i> and the <a href="International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, the test article for which was turned into the <a href="Rassvet_(ISS_module)" title="Rassvet (ISS module)"><i>Rassvet</i> Mini-Research Module 1</a> and launched in 2010 aboard <i>Atlantis</i>, on mission <a href="STS-132" title="STS-132">STS-132</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solar_arrays_and_MEEP">Solar arrays and MEEP</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Mir_Environmental_Effects_Payload" title="Mir Environmental Effects Payload">Mir Environmental Effects Payload</a></div>

<p>In addition to simplifying space shuttle docking missions, <i>Mir'</i>s docking module was also used as a carrier for two new <a href="Photovoltaic_array" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic array">photovoltaic arrays</a>, mounted to the module in boxes, which were later deployed on <a href="Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1"><i>Kvant</i>-1</a> during spacewalks. The first, the <i>Mir</i> Cooperative Solar Array, was jointly designed by <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and Russia in order to test designs for the future <a href="International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. The array was 42 m<sup>2</sup> in area, and provided 6.7 kW of power when installed on the station during expedition <a href="Mir_EO-21" title="Mir EO-21">EO-21</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Astronautica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronautica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SSSM_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The array consisted of 42 US-built panels arranged in a 2.7 m (9 ft) wide and 18 m (59 ft) long array mounted to a Russian-built frame, and was instrumented to provide data for models being used to design the solar arrays for the ISS.<sup id="cite_ref-MCSA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCSA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second array was the Russian-built MSB array, which had originally been intended to be launched as part of <i><a href="Priroda" title="Priroda">Priroda</a></i> before the redesign of the module deleted it.<sup id="cite_ref-BIS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was installed on <i>Kvant</i>-1 during EVA 5 of <a href="Mir_EO-24" title="Mir EO-24">EO-24</a>, replacing the <i>Kristall</i> array which had previously been mounted there.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSM_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The module was also used as a mounting point for the <a href="Mir_Environmental_Effects_Payload" title="Mir Environmental Effects Payload"><i>Mir</i> Environmental Effects Payload</a> (MEEP), a set of four experiments intended to study the effects of space debris impacts and exposure to the space environment on a variety of materials.<sup id="cite_ref-MEEP_PR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEEP_PR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The materials used in the experiments were being considered for use on the ISS, and by exposing them at a similar orbital altitude to that flown by the station, the experiments provided an assessment of the performance of those materials in a similar space environment.<sup id="cite_ref-MEEP_PR_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEEP_PR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MEEP also fulfilled the need to examine the occurrence and effects of man-made debris and natural <a href="Micrometeoroid" title="Micrometeoroid">micrometeoroids</a> through capture and impact studies.<sup id="cite_ref-MEEP_PR_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEEP_PR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experiments were installed on the docking module during <a href="STS-76" title="STS-76">STS-76</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-STS-76_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS-76-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and retrieved during <a href="STS-86" title="STS-86">STS-86</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STS-86_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS-86-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Docking_missions">Docking missions</h2></div>

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<th style="width:5%;">Orbiter

</th>

<th style="width:5%;">Mission

</th>

<th style="width:15%;">Date docked (<a href="UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)

</th>

<th style="width:15%;">Date undocked (UTC)

</th>

<th>Notes

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>14 November 1995 07:17

</td>

<td>18 November 1995 08:15:44

</td>

<td>The module was docked to <i>Atlantis'</i>s orbiter docking system by the orbiter's <a href="Canadarm" title="Canadarm">SRMS robotic arm</a> on 14 November, then both <i>Atlantis</i> and the module docked to the station the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-STS-74_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS-74-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>24 March 1996 02:34:05

</td>

<td>29 March 1996 01:08:03

</td>

<td>The crew of <i>Atlantis</i> installed the <a href="Mir_Environmental_Effects_Payload" title="Mir Environmental Effects Payload">Mir Environmental Effects Payload</a> (MEEP) on the exterior of the docking module.<sup id="cite_ref-STS-76_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS-76-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>19 September 1996 03:13:18

</td>

<td>24 September 1996 01:31:34

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>15 January 1997 03:54:49

</td>

<td>20 January 1997 02:15:44

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>17 May 1997 02:33:20

</td>

<td>22 May 1997 01:03:56

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>27 September 1997 19:58

</td>

<td>3 October 1997 17:28:15

</td>

<td>The crew of <i>Atlantis</i> retrieved the <a href="Mir_Environmental_Effects_Payload" title="Mir Environmental Effects Payload">Mir Environmental Effects Payload</a> (MEEP) from the exterior of the docking module.<sup id="cite_ref-STS-86_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS-86-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour"><i>Endeavour</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>24 January 1998 20:14:15

</td>

<td>29 January 1998 16:56

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> <a href="Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a>

</td>

</td>

<td>4 June 1998 16:58

</td>

<td>8 June 1998 16:01

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mir_Docking_Module" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Mir Docking Module">Mir Docking Module</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Pirs_(ISS_module)" title="Pirs (ISS module)">Pirs (ISS module)</a></li>

<li><a href="Poisk_(ISS_module)" title="Poisk (ISS module)">Poisk (ISS module)</a></li>

<li><a href="Rassvet_(ISS_module)" title="Rassvet (ISS module)">Rassvet (ISS module)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-STS-86-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STS-86_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STS-86_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Dumoulin2001" class="citation web cs1">Jim Dumoulin (29 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230243/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-86/mission-sts-86.html">"STS-86 Mission Summary"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-86/mission-sts-86.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Components_of_Mir125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Components of <i><a href="Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mir_Core_Module" title="Mir Core Module">Core module</a></li>

<li><a href="Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1"><i>Kvant</i>-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Kvant-2" title="Kvant-2"><i>Kvant</i>-2</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian/American modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Spektr" title="Spektr">Spektr</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Priroda" title="Priroda">Priroda</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other subsystems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lyappa_arm" title="Lyappa arm"><i>Lyappa</i> arm</a></li>

<li><a href="Strela_(crane)" title="Strela (crane)"><i>Strela</i> crane</a></li>

<li><a href="Luch_(satellite)" title="Luch (satellite)"><i>Luch</i> satellites</a></li>

<li><a href="Mir_Environmental_Effects_Payload" title="Mir Environmental Effects Payload">Mir Environmental Effects Payload</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visiting spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a></li>

<li><a href="Progress_(spacecraft)" title="Progress (spacecraft)">Progress</a> (<a href="VBK-Raduga" title="VBK-Raduga">VBK-Raduga</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle-<i>Mir</i> programme</a></li>

<li><a href="Deorbit_of_Mir" title="Deorbit of Mir">Deorbit of Mir</a></li>

<li><a href="MirCorp" class="mw-redirect" title="MirCorp">MirCorp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_human_spaceflights_to_Mir" title="List of human spaceflights to Mir">List of human spaceflights to Mir</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_uncrewed_spaceflights_to_Mir" title="List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir">List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mir_expeditions" title="List of Mir expeditions">List of Mir expeditions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mir_spacewalks" title="List of Mir spacewalks">List of Mir spacewalks</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mir_visitors" title="List of Mir visitors">List of Mir visitors</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1994Orbital_launches_in_19951996_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="←_1994Orbital_launches_in_19951996_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="1994_in_spaceflight" title="1994 in spaceflight">← 1994</a></div><a href="1995_in_spaceflight" title="1995 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1995</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="1996_in_spaceflight" title="1996 in spaceflight">1996 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intelsat_704" title="Intelsat 704">Intelsat 704</a></li>

<li><i>Express 1</i></li>

<li>Tsikada 1, Faisat 1, Astrid 1</li>

<li><i><a href="Apstar_2" title="Apstar 2">Apstar 2</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><u><a href="STS-63" title="STS-63">STS-63</a></u> (SPARTAN-204, <a href="ODERACS_2A" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2A">ODERACS 2A</a>, <a href="ODERACS_2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2B">ODERACS 2B</a>, <a href="ODERACS_2C" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2C">ODERACS 2C</a>, <a href="ODERACS_2D" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2D">ODERACS 2D</a>, <a href="ODERACS_2E" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2E">ODERACS 2E</a>, <a href="ODERACS_2F" class="mw-redirect" title="ODERACS 2F">ODERACS 2F</a></li>

<li><a href="Progress_M-26" title="Progress M-26">Progress M-26</a></li>

<li>Foton #10</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Kosmos 2306</li>

<li>Kosmos 2307, Kosmos 2308, Kosmos 2309</li>

<li><u><a href="Soyuz_TM-21" title="Soyuz TM-21">Soyuz TM-21</a></u></li>

<li><a href="Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">SFU</a>, <a href="Himawari_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Himawari 5">Himawari 5</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2310</li>

<li><a href="Intelsat_705" title="Intelsat 705">Intelsat 705</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2311</li>

<li><i>Gurwin 1, EKA-2, UNAMSAT-A</i></li>

<li><a href="Brasilsat_B2" title="Brasilsat B2">Brasilsat B2</a>, <a href="Hot_Bird_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Bird 1">Hot Bird 1</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Orbcomm FM1, Orbcomm FM2, OrbView-1</li>

<li><a href="Progress_M-27" title="Progress M-27">Progress M-27</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Intelsat_706" title="Intelsat 706">Intelsat 706</a></li>

<li><a href="Spektr" title="Spektr">Spektr</a></li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_2312" title="Kosmos 2312">Kosmos 2312</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Kosmos 2313</li>

<li>DirecTV-3</li>

<li>Kosmos 2314</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Kosmos 2315</li>

<li>Helios 1A, <a href="Cerise_(satellite)" title="Cerise (satellite)">Cerise</a>, UPMSat</li>

<li><a href="Progress_M-28" title="Progress M-28">Progress M-28</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2316, Kosmos 2317, Kosmos 2318</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Interbol 1, Maigon 4</li>

<li><a href="Europe*Star_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe*Star B">Koreasat 1</a></li>

<li>Molniya 3-59</li>

<li><i>GEMStar 1</i></li>

<li><a href="JCSAT-3" title="JCSAT-3">JCSAT-3</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2319</li>

<li><a href="Sich-1" title="Sich-1">Sich-1</a>, <a href="FASat-Alfa" title="FASat-Alfa">FASat-Alfa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><u><a href="Soyuz_TM-22" title="Soyuz TM-22">Soyuz TM-22</a></u></li>

<li><u><a href="STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></u> (SPARTAN-201, <a href="Wake_Shield_Facility" title="Wake Shield Facility">WSF</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Telstar_4" title="Telstar 4">Telstar 402R</a></li>

<li>Resurs-F2 #10</li>

<li>Kosmos 2320</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Kosmos 2321</li>

<li><a href="Progress_M-29" title="Progress M-29">Progress M-29</a></li>

<li><a href="Astra_1E" title="Astra 1E">Astra 1E</a></li>

<li><i>METEOR</i></li>

<li>Kosmos 2322</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Radarsat-1" title="Radarsat-1">Radarsat-1</a>, SURFSAT</li>

<li><a href="AsiaSat_2" title="AsiaSat 2">AsiaSat 2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Télécom 2C, <a href="INSAT-2C" title="INSAT-2C">INSAT-2C</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2323, Kosmos 2324, Kosmos 2325</li>

<li>Galaxy 3R</li>

<li><a href="Progress_M-30" title="Progress M-30">Progress M-30</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2326</li>

<li><a href="IRS-1C" title="IRS-1C">IRS-1C</a>, Skipper</li>

<li><a href="EchoStar_I" title="EchoStar I">EchoStar I</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

</p></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Mir_Docking_Module&oldid=1288841984">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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